The Tribe Before the State
In Shabwa Governorate, the tribe continues to play a central role in the life of society. It is more than a social gathering; it is the primary reference for justice, security, and the protection of rights. Over the years, the tribe has served as the arbiter in disputes between individuals and families, particularly in areas where state institutions are hard to reach or where formal laws carry limited influence.
Tribal arbitration in Shabwa is known for being grounded in principles of justice and the common good, rather than power or influence. When a conflict arises, all parties are summoned to the arbitration council, where elders and experienced, wise individuals sit in judgment. They listen to all sides with complete neutrality. The process relies on eyewitness testimony, historical evidence, and reference to tribal custom, reflecting the values and traditions of the community.
One of the most important roles of tribal arbitration is maintaining social peace. It prevents conflicts from escalating into larger disputes that could threaten community security. Through this system, individuals learn that rights are not reclaimed through force, but through wisdom, acknowledgment of wrongdoing, and cooperation toward resolution. Arbitration also reinforces collective responsibility, encouraging parties to respect the rules of society and its shared interests, rather than pursuing personal gain alone.
The tribe also functions as a social safety network. It protects its members, ensures that no one is wronged in the absence of the state, and strengthens bonds among people through values of honor, loyalty, and justice. It contributes to educating new generations in respect, tolerance, and moderation by passing down experiences of past arbitration and stories of conflicts resolved through wisdom.
In Shabwa, tribal arbitration and the tribe itself remain foundational to daily life—not merely for resolving disputes, but for ensuring societal stability and cohesion. This model illustrates how local traditions can complement the role of the state in maintaining justice and security. It demonstrates that fairness and wisdom are not solely matters of written law, but are the living spirit of a community deeply rooted in its values and traditions.
